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Basic Principle of Blood
Volume Measurement
Blood volume analysis is based on the
fundamental concept of the indicator dilution technique, whereby a tracer
substance, in this case albumin I-131, is mixed into an unknown volume. An
identical amount of tracer is placed into a known volume. By comparing the
concentration of the indicator between the known and unknown volumes, an exact
measurement of the unknown volume can be obtained.
How Does the BVA Provide
Accurate Blood Volume Measurement?
The BVA-100 is a semi-automated blood volume
analyzer. The instrument is used in conjunction with a single-use injection kit
consisting of a precisely measured standard and matching injectate. The
injectate is packaged in a patented flow chamber designed to ensure 99.8%+
delivery. The kit improves accuracy and eliminates the many time-consuming and
difficult steps required for on-site standard preparation.
The BVA-100 utilizes five separate sampling
points taken at regular intervals starting approximately 12 minutes after
injection. In effect, each sample measurement is a separate, single-point
blood volume determination. The BVA-100 computes the transudation time for the
tracer and calculates the true zero point blood volume with an accuracy of
approximately ± 2.5%. The BVA-100 provides interim blood volume results while
the samples are being measured; preliminary data is available within 30 minutes
and may be used to guide decisions in emergency situations.
Summary of the Basic
Technical Steps to Perform a Blood Volume Analysis
- Enter patient data (patient's name, hospital number,
accurate height and weight measurement)
- Inject tracer through IV line,
record injection time for the beginning of the blood volume measurement
- Collect blood sample into
anti-coagulated tube via specialized collection kit requiring a single
venipuncture
- Obtain microhematocrit and centrifuge
samples to separate plasma
- Pipette 1 cc plasma samples and place into
Blood Volume Analyzer
- Repeat steps 3, 4, and 5 for samples 2 through 5;
preliminary results will be available within 30 minutes after injection. Blood volume
analysis is complete, with final results available after 90 minutes.
Technical Requirements of
Personnel
- Ability to establish an intravenous line and
collect blood samples
- Basic technical expertise in performing
hematocrits and familiarity with accurate pipetting technique.
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